1949 CIVIL RIGHTS PEEKSKILL RIOT Live PAUL ROBESON78

$

35

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PETE SEEGER recoutns the Labor Day 1949 racial PEEKSKILL RIOT with live footage from the PAUL ROBESON concert, Robeson sings OL MAN RIVER.

The Peekskill Riots were anti-communist riots with anti-black and anti-Semitic undertones[1]that took place at Cortlandt Manor, Westchester County, New York in 1949.[2] The catalyst for the rioting was an announced concert by black singer Paul Robeson, who was well known for his strong pro-trade union stance, civil rights activism, Communist affiliations, and anti-colonialism. The concert, organized as a benefit for the Civil Rights Congress, was scheduled to take place on August 27 in Lakeland Acres, just north of Peekskill.[3]

The PEEKSKILL STORY: People's Artists join with CHARTER RECORDS to present  The PEEKSKILL STORY

with Paul Robeson - Howard Fast Pete Seeger and THE WEAVERS. Written and Directed by Mario Casetta.
All royalties on this record go to People's Artists Inc

Side 1&2

Fast and Seger recount the original resistance by CLAN members for a racially mixed picknick and concert in Westchester County, New York. CLAN members  boasted they would finish Hitler's job

Live Footage Robeson sings OL MAN RIVER

Folk singing of the incident overlaid actual footage"That's the sound of Faschism in America"

Seeger - 900 police went by and laughed. 160 wounded

Paul Robeson live speech

10" 78 rpm record

Condition:

EXCELLENT MINUS, scuffs, scratch may sound mildly first 7 mm of 1, pays superquiet, ARCHIVE QUALITY COPY

The Peekskill Riots were anti-communist riots with anti-black and anti-Semitic undertones[1]that took place at Cortlandt Manor, Westchester County, New York in 1949.[2] The catalyst for the rioting was an announced concert by black singer Paul Robeson, who was well known for his strong pro-trade union stance, civil rights activism, Communist affiliations, and anti-colonialism. The concert, organized as a benefit for the Civil Rights Congress, was scheduled to take place on August 27 in Lakeland Acres, just north of Peekskill.[3]

[edit] Paul Robeson's remarks in Paris, 1949Previously three concerts had been performed by Paul Robeson in Peekskill without incident, but in recent years Robeson had been increasingly vocal against the Ku Klux Klan and other forces of white supremacy, both domestically and internationally. Robeson specifically made a transformation from someone who was primarily a singer into a political persona with a vocal support for what was at the time considered "Communist" causes including the decolonization of Africa, anti-Jim Crow legislation and peace with the USSR.[4] Robeson had also appeared before the House Committee on Un-American Activities to oppose a bill that would require Communists to register as foreign agents, and, just months before the concerts in 1949, he had appeared at the Soviet-sponsored World Peace Conference in Paris. Referring to the growing tensions between the USA and the USSR, he stated:

"We in America do not forget that it was the backs of white workers from Europe and on the backs of millions of Blacks that the wealth of America was built. And we are resolved to share it equally. We reject any hysterical raving that urges us to make war on anyone. Our will to fight for peace is strong...We shall support peace and friendship among all nations, with Soviet Russia and the People's Republics.[5][6]"

What came over the wires to news agencies via the AP in the United States was as follows,

"We colonial peoples have contributed to the building of the United States and are determined to share it's wealth. We denounce the policy of the United States government which is similar to Hitler and Goebbels. ...It is unthinkable that American Negros would go to war on behalf of those who have oppressed us for generations against the Soviet Union which in one generation has lifted our people to full human dignity.[7]"

Research by historians would later show through time records that the AP had put the dispatch on the wires as Robeson was starting his speech.[8][9]The comment was not investigated by the US press for its veracity and there was nationwide condemnation of Robeson. In the early stages of the Cold War and Communist expansion in Europe, and its accompanying wide anti-Communist sentiments in the West, was seen by many as very anti-American. The local paper, The Peekskill Evening Star, condemned the concert and encouraged people to make their position on Communism felt, but did not directly espouse violence. There was a racial element to the riots, including burning crosses and lynching in effigy of Robeson both in Peekskill and in other areas of the United States.[10]

[edit] First concert on August 27, 1949The concert, organized as a benefit for the Civil Rights Congress, was scheduled to take place on August 27 in Lakeland Acres, just north of Peekskill. Before Robeson arrived, a mob of locals attacked concert-goers with baseball bats and rocks. The local police arrived hours later and did little to intervene. Thirteen people were seriously injured, Robeson was lynched in effigy and a cross seen burning on an adjacent hillside. The concert was then postponed until September 4.[11]Following the concert, request for Klan memberships from the Peekskill area numbered 748 persons.[12]

Robeson's long time friend and Peekskill resident, Helen Rosen, who had been arranged to collect Robeson at the train station had heard on the radio that protesters were massing at the concert grounds. Robeson drove with Rosen and two others to the concert site and saw marauding groups of youngsters, a burning cross on a nearby hill and a jeering crowd throwing rocks chanting "Dirty Commie" and "Dirty Kikes."[13] Paul Robeson made more than one attempt to get out of the car and confront the mob but was restrained by his friends.[14]

The media was flooded with reactions and charges. The Joint Veterans Council of Peekskill refused to admit any involvement describing its activities as a "protest parade... held without disorder and... perfectly disbanded." Peekskill police officials said the picnic grounds had been outside their jurisdiction;[14] a state police spokesman said there had never been a request for state troopers. The commander of Peekskill Post 274 of the American Legion stated: "Our objective was to prevent the Paul Robeson concert and I think our objective was reached."[15]

[edit] Meetings to protest the first riotFollowing a meeting of local citizens, union members and Robeson supporters who formed "The Westchester Committee for Law and Order", it was unanimously determined that Robeson should be invited back to perform at Peekskill. Representatives from various left wing unions-the Fur and leather workers, the Longshoremen and the United Electrical Workers- all agreed to converge and serve as a wall of defense around the concert grounds. Ten union men slept on the property of the Rosens, effectively guarding it.[15] A call was then put out by the "Emergency Committee to Protest the Peekskill Riot." On Tuesday, August 30, an overflow of crowd of three thousand people assembled peacefully and without incident at the Golden Gate Ballroom in Harlem to hear Robeson speak,[16]

"I will be loyal to America of true traditions; to the America of the abolitionists, of Harriet Tubman, of Thaddeus Stevens, of those who fought for my people's freedom, not of those who tried to enslave them. And I will have no loyalty to the Forrestals, to the Harrimans, to the WallStreeters... the surest way to get police protection is to have it very clear that we'll protect ourselves, and good!... I'll be back with my friends in Peekskill...."[16]
[edit] Second concert on September 4, 1949The re-scheduled concert itself was free from violence, though marred by the presence of a police helicopter overhead and the flushing out of at least one sniper's nest. The concert was located on the grounds of the Hollow Brook Golf Course in Cortlandt Manor, near the original site of the concert. Twenty-thousand people showed up. Security, organized by labor unions, was tight with union men standing in a circle of protection around the entire concert grounds and sitting with Robeson on the stage. Musicians, such as Pete Seeger, performed without incident. The aftermath of the concert, however, was far from peaceful. As they drove away, concertgoers were forced to run a gauntlet miles long of hostile locals, veterans, and outside agitators, who threw rocks through windshields of the cars and buses. Much of the violence was also caused by anti-Communist members of local Veterans of Foreign Wars and American Legion chapters.[17] Standing off the angry mob of rioters chanting "go on back to Russia, you niggers" and "white niggers", some of the concertgoers and union members, along with writer Howard Fast and others assembled a non-violent line of resistance, locked arms, and sang the song "We Shall Not Be Moved." Some people were reportedly dragged from their vehicles and beaten. Over 140 people were injured and numerous vehicles were severely damaged as police stood by.[18]

[edit] Pete Seeger and Woody GuthrieOne car carried Woody Guthrie, Lee Hays, Pete Seeger, Seeger's wife Toshi, and his infant children. Guthrie pinned a shirt to the inside of the window to stop it shattering. "Wouldn't you know it, Woody pinned up a red shirt," Hays was to remember.[19] Seeger used some of the thrown rocks to build the chimney of his cabin in the Town of Fishkill, NY, to stand as a reminder of that incident.[20]

[edit] The beating of Eugene BullardThe first black combat pilot and decorated World War I veteran, Eugene Bullard was knocked to the ground and beaten by the angry white mob which included white members of state and local law enforcement. The beating was captured on film and can be seen in the 1970s documentary The Tallest Tree in Our Forest and the Oscar winning Sidney Poitier narrated documentary Paul Robeson: Tribute to an Artist. Despite recorded evidence of the beating, no one was ever prosecuted for the assault. Graphic photos of Eugene Bullard being beaten by two policeman, a state trooper and concert-goer were later published in Susan Robeson's pictorial biography of her grandfather, The Whole World in His Hands: a Pictorial Biography of Paul Robeson.[21]

[edit] Protests for justice following the concertFollowing the riots, more than 300 people went to Albany to voice their indignation to Governor Thomas Dewey, who refused to meet with them, blaming communists for provoking the violence.[22] Twenty-seven plaintiffs filed a civil suit against Westchester County and two veterans groups. The charges were dismissed three years later.

[edit] Reactions in The US House of RepresentativesFollowing the Peekskill Riots, House Representative John E. Rankin of Mississippi condemned Robeson on the house floor. When New York Congressman Jacob Javits spoke to the United States House of Representatives, deploring the Peekskill riots as a violation of constitutional guarantees of freedom of speech and free assembly,[23] Rankin replied angrily. "It was not surprising to hear the gentlemen from New York defend the Communist enclave," Rankin bellowed, saying that he wanted it known that the American people are not in sympathy "with that Nigger Communist and that bunch of Reds who went up there."[23] On a point of order, House Representative Vito Marcantonio protested to speaker Rayburn that "the gentlemen from Mississippi used the word 'nigger.' I ask that the word be taken down and stricken from the RECORD inasmuch as there are two members in this house of Negro race." Rayburn claimed that Rankin had not said "nigger" but "Negro" but Rankin yelled over him saying "I said Niggra! Just as I have said since I have been able to talk and shall continue to say."[24] Speaker Rayburn then defended Rankin, ruling that "the gentlemen from Mississippi is not subject to a point of order... referred to the Negro race and they should not be afraid of that designation."[25] Then Representative Edward E. Cox of Georgia denounced Robeson on the House floor as a "Communist agent provocateur."[25]

[edit] AftermathWithin a few days, hundreds of editorials and letters appear in newspapers across the nation and abroad, by prominent individuals, organizations, trade unions, churches and others. They condemned not only the attacks but also the failure of Governor Dewey and the State Police to protect the lives and property of citizens, and called for a full investigation of the violence and prosecution of the perpetrators. Despite condemnation from progressives and civil rights activists, the mainstream press and local officials overwhelmingly blamed Robeson and his fans for "provoking" the violence. Following the Peekskill riots, other cities become fearful of similar incidents, and over 80 scheduled concert dates of Robeson's were canceled.[17]

On September 12, 1949, in response to Robeson's controversial status in the press and Leftist affiliations, National Maritime Union convention considered a motion that Robeson's name be removed from the union’s honorary membership list; the motion was withdrawn for lack of support among members. Later that month, All-China Art and Literature Workers’ Association and All-China Association of Musicians of Liberated China protested the Peekskill attack on Robeson. On October 2, 1949, Robeson spoke at a luncheon for the National Labor Conference for Peace, Ashland Auditorium, Chicago and referenced the riots. Robeson was now left with only a small platform in the Trade Union movement as the majority of his previous friends backed away.

[edit] Legacy and reconciliation ceremoniesIn recent years, Westchester County has gone to great lengths to make amends to the survivors of the Riots by holding a commemorative ceremony, at which an apology was made for their treatment. In September 1999, county officials held a "Remembrance and Reconciliation Ceremony, 50th anniversary commemoration of the 1949 Peekskill riots." It included speakers Paul Robeson, Jr., folk singer Peter Seeger and several local elected officials.[26]

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